1 files changed, 108 insertions, 43 deletions

diff --git a/notebooks/python/python_oo.ipynb b/notebooks/python/python_oo.ipynb
index e38d7f3..1ef2a72 100644
--- a/notebooks/python/python_oo.ipynb
+++ b/notebooks/python/python_oo.ipynb
@@ -66,7 +66,55 @@
     "\n",
     "- improving modularity\n",
     "\n",
-    "- providing foundation for a more intuitive design"
+    "- providing foundation for a more intuitive design\n",
+    "\n",
+    "A pseudo code example:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "```c\n",
+    "/* crating and drawing a (pseudo) widget in C */\n",
+    "my_widget = mylibrary_widget_init(); /* a struct of the type widget */\n",
+    "mylibrary_widget_draw(my_widget);\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "```python\n",
+    "# creating and drawing a (pseudo) widget in Python\n",
+    "import mylibrary\n",
+    "\n",
+    "my_widget = mylibrary.Widget()\n",
+    "my_widget.draw()\n",
+    "```"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "878cb805-a2d7-46a3-a34a-0507495420f7",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Do I need to know / understand OOP when I am programming in Python?\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Most definitely - **yes**.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "While using programming language that is not object-oriented (like *C* and / or *Rust*) is always possible,\n",
+    "when using Python there are no *sane* alternatives that have ever been demonstrated:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "- Understanding OO behaviour and syntax is a must in order to understand Python code in general\n",
+    "- OOP is at the core of Python's design - everything in Python is an object\n",
+    "- Good programming and design is not only about solving a particular task. It is about reusing code and making your code reusable in turn\n",
+    "- Following the priciples described above is more challenging when not using OO in general."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "b83dc815-ed51-4e5a-a30e-fa0252217194",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# I am doing only simple things with Python. Do I still need to learn OOP?\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Most definitely - **yes**.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "- A simple task provides a great opportunity to learn and practice OOP\n",
+    "- Using OOP **does not mean overcomplicating** your code. When applied correctly - it means the opposite\n",
+    "- Doing \"simple things\" exclusively is not very ambitious approach to programming and learning in general"
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -109,13 +157,20 @@
     "\n",
     "- object - an instance of a class that may contain its own attributes as well as references to its class' attributes\n",
     "\n",
-    "- attribute - variable, property, function defined in the class and present in its instances\n",
+    "- attribute - variable, property, function defined in the class and present in its instances - in Python: any name following a dot. Attributes may be *read-only* or *writable*. In the latter case, assignment to attributes is possible.\n",
     "\n",
     "- class variable - attribute of which a single copy exists, regardless of how many instances of the class exist\n",
     "\n",
     "- object / instance variable, object / instance attribute - attribute for which each instantiated object of the class has a separate copy, or instance\n",
     "\n",
-    "- method - member function - function that is an attribute"
+    "- method - member function - function that is an attribute\n",
+    "\n",
+    "```python\n",
+    "# my_str_obj is an object (instance) of the class str\n",
+    "my_str_object = str(\"Test\")  # or my_str_object = \"Test\"\n",
+    "my_str_object.lower  # attribute that is a function -> method\n",
+    "my_str_object.lower()  # calling the method \"lower\"\n",
+    "```"
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -218,7 +273,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 1,
+   "execution_count": 41,
    "id": "a9c30a5d-aa86-45ab-b897-f051df80f1d8",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
@@ -226,17 +281,17 @@
      "name": "stdout",
      "output_type": "stream",
      "text": [
-      "car1.get_obj_info_str() = \"I am <__main__.Car object at 0x7f70e643d590> with id 140122876269968 from <class '__main__.Car'> with id 93964809433504\"\n",
-      "car2.get_obj_info_str() = \"I am <__main__.Car object at 0x7f70e63ddf10> with id 140122875879184 from <class '__main__.Car'> with id 93964809433504\"\n",
-      "car1.model = 'BMW', car1.reg_nr = 'EC76183', car1.extras = ['GPSnav', 'Sound system'], id(car1.cls_extras) = 140122875882432, id(car1.get_obj_info_str) = 140122875878080\n",
-      "car2.model = 'Scoda', car2.reg_nr = 'BD77655', car2.extras = ['GPSnav'], id(car2.cls_extras) = 140122875882432, id(car2.get_obj_info_str) = 140122875880192\n",
-      "id(Car.cls_extras) = 140122875882432, id(Car.get_obj_info_str) = 140122875964416\n",
-      "car1.cls_extras = ['GPSnav', 'Sound system'], id(car1.cls_extras) = 140122875882432\n",
-      "car2.cls_extras = ['GPSnav', 'Sound system'], id(car2.cls_extras) = 140122875882432\n",
+      "car1.get_obj_info_str() = \"I am <__main__.Car object at 0x7fd00029ff80> with id 140531332677504 from <class '__main__.Car'> with id 93887620597168\"\n",
+      "car2.get_obj_info_str() = \"I am <__main__.Car object at 0x7fd00029ea50> with id 140531332672080 from <class '__main__.Car'> with id 93887620597168\"\n",
+      "car1.model = 'BMW', car1.reg_nr = 'EC76183', car1.extras = ['GPSnav', 'Sound system'], id(car1.cls_extras) = 140531337557440, id(car1.get_obj_info_str) = 140531251735488\n",
+      "car2.model = 'Scoda', car2.reg_nr = 'BD77655', car2.extras = ['GPSnav'], id(car2.cls_extras) = 140531337557440, id(car2.get_obj_info_str) = 140531251728064\n",
+      "id(Car.cls_extras) = 140531337557440, id(Car.get_obj_info_str) = 140531252010400\n",
+      "car1.cls_extras = ['GPSnav', 'Sound system'], id(car1.cls_extras) = 140531337557440\n",
+      "car2.cls_extras = ['GPSnav', 'Sound system'], id(car2.cls_extras) = 140531337557440\n",
       "True\n",
       "hasattr(car1, 'import_tax_paid') = True\n",
       "hasattr(car2, 'import_tax_paid') = False\n",
-      "id(car1.__class__) = 93964809433504, id(car2.__class__) = 93964809433504, id(Car) = 93964809433504\n"
+      "id(car1.__class__) = 93887620597168, id(car2.__class__) = 93887620597168, id(Car) = 93887620597168\n"
      ]
     }
    ],
@@ -288,7 +343,7 @@
     "#     - checks if 'attr' is an instance attribute\n",
     "#     - checks if 'attr' is a class attribute (through the method resolution order - MRO)\n",
     "#     - raises AttributeError\n",
-    "# setter:\n",
+    "# setter (making the attribute writable):\n",
     "#     - (re)defines an instance attribute\n",
     "\n",
     "# Details not covered in this course:\n",
@@ -323,7 +378,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 2,
+   "execution_count": 42,
    "id": "391e816e-c53b-454b-9e9f-3587234f1fea",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
@@ -413,7 +468,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 3,
+   "execution_count": 43,
    "id": "e82feefb-025d-4cbb-a8ac-ddc3cc01269c",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
@@ -495,7 +550,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 4,
+   "execution_count": 44,
    "id": "71a90ec6-3cc0-441e-a866-c2c2b9984559",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
@@ -613,7 +668,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 5,
+   "execution_count": 45,
    "id": "a4d2735d-d167-4f43-ad55-cb3d13ece2dc",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
@@ -656,7 +711,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 6,
+   "execution_count": 46,
    "id": "a6ead5e6-e987-4bda-bf48-30f91877278d",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
@@ -715,7 +770,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 7,
+   "execution_count": 47,
    "id": "11f6a3fb-64d7-40a9-a130-27548ec4b802",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
@@ -797,7 +852,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 8,
+   "execution_count": 48,
    "id": "c345a69f-02da-40e7-bb37-c0511b6af096",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
@@ -806,6 +861,9 @@
      "output_type": "stream",
      "text": [
       "9\n",
+      "9\n",
+      "140531251904896\n",
+      "140531251904896\n",
       "Vector.from_str('1:1:5:6') = Vector(start=Point(x=1, y=1), end=Point(x=5, y=6))\n"
      ]
     }
@@ -837,7 +895,14 @@
     "            Point(coordinates[2], coordinates[3]),\n",
     "        )\n",
     "\n",
-    "print(Point.get_manhattan_distance(Point(1, 1), Point(5, 6)))\n",
+    "point1 = Point(1, 1)\n",
+    "point2 = Point(5, 6)\n",
+    "print(f\"{point1.get_manhattan_distance(point1, point2)}\")  # works, but should not be used in that way\n",
+    "print(f\"{Point.get_manhattan_distance(point1, point2)}\")\n",
+    "print(f\"{id(point1.get_manhattan_distance)}\")\n",
+    "print(f\"{id(point2.get_manhattan_distance)}\")\n",
+    "# print(f\"{id(point1.from_str)}\") <-- not available as an instance attribute\n",
+    "\n",
     "print(f\"{Vector.from_str('1:1:5:6') = }\")"
    ]
   },
@@ -890,7 +955,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 9,
+   "execution_count": 49,
    "id": "44d47e1c-1a06-4577-8db6-6ec78ce5cef8",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
@@ -903,32 +968,32 @@
       "\n",
       "class TigerShark(Fish)\n",
       " |  TigerShark(weight: int, alive: bool = True, **kwargs)\n",
-      " |  \n",
+      " |\n",
       " |  Base class for all tiger sharks\n",
-      " |  \n",
+      " |\n",
       " |  Method resolution order:\n",
       " |      TigerShark\n",
       " |      Fish\n",
       " |      Animal\n",
       " |      builtins.object\n",
-      " |  \n",
+      " |\n",
       " |  Methods defined here:\n",
-      " |  \n",
+      " |\n",
       " |  __init__(self, weight: int, alive: bool = True, **kwargs)\n",
       " |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.\n",
-      " |  \n",
+      " |\n",
       " |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
       " |  Data descriptors inherited from Animal:\n",
-      " |  \n",
+      " |\n",
       " |  __dict__\n",
-      " |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)\n",
-      " |  \n",
+      " |      dictionary for instance variables\n",
+      " |\n",
       " |  __weakref__\n",
-      " |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)\n",
-      " |  \n",
+      " |      list of weak references to the object\n",
+      " |\n",
       " |  alive\n",
       " |      getter property alive\n",
-      " |  \n",
+      " |\n",
       " |  weight\n",
       " |      getter property weight\n",
       "\n",
@@ -1064,7 +1129,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 10,
+   "execution_count": 50,
    "id": "e6076925-75f0-456c-aed5-7db0a24a67a1",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
@@ -1169,7 +1234,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 11,
+   "execution_count": 51,
    "id": "cf79617a-95d2-48f2-be66-fa1fa34e4e04",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
@@ -1192,14 +1257,14 @@
       " |      Adam\n",
       " |      Eve\n",
       " |      builtins.object\n",
-      " |  \n",
+      " |\n",
       " |  Data descriptors inherited from Adam:\n",
-      " |  \n",
+      " |\n",
       " |  __dict__\n",
-      " |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)\n",
-      " |  \n",
+      " |      dictionary for instance variables\n",
+      " |\n",
       " |  __weakref__\n",
-      " |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)\n",
+      " |      list of weak references to the object\n",
       "\n"
      ]
     }
@@ -1256,7 +1321,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 12,
+   "execution_count": 52,
    "id": "95a1d0cc-0006-4ddc-b08d-d0b8b02acfba",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
@@ -1324,7 +1389,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 13,
+   "execution_count": 53,
    "id": "38066107-0190-4383-ba14-a4e9cd454a9c",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
@@ -1418,7 +1483,7 @@
    "name": "python",
    "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
    "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
-   "version": "3.11.7"
+   "version": "3.13.9"
   }
  },
  "nbformat": 4,