Version 1.2, November 2002
+Copyright © 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Version 1.2, November 2002
+The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or + other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to + assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with + or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. + Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way + to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for + modifications made by others. +
+This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative + works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It + complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license + designed for free software. +
+We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for + free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free + program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the + software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it + can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or + whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License + principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. +
+This License applies to any manual or other work, in + any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying + it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice + grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use + that work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, + refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a + licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you + copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under + copyright law. +
+A "Modified Version" of the Document means any + work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, + or with modifications and/or translated into another language. +
+A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or + a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the + relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the + Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing + that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the + Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may + not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of + historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of + legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position + regarding them. +
+The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary + Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant + Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under + this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of + Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The + Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not + identify any Invariant Sections then there are none. +
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+A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a + machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is + available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the + document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images + composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely + available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text + formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable + for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent + file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to + thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not + Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any + substantial amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called + "Opaque". +
+Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain + ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or + XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, + PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of + transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats + include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by + proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or + processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated + HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output + purposes only. +
+The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, + the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, + legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page. + For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title + Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's + title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text. +
+A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit + of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in + parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language. + (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as + "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To + "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document + means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this + definition. +
+The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice + which states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty + Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License, + but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that + these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the + meaning of this License. +
+You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either + commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the + copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to + the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other + conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use + technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying + of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept + compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough + number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. + +
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+If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly + have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the + Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the + copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: + Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back + cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the + publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title + with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add + other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited + to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and + satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other + respects. +
+If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit + legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit + reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent + pages. +
+If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document + numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable + Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each + Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general + network-using public has access to download using public-standard + network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of + added material. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably + prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, + to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the + stated location until at least one year after the last time you + distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) + of that edition to the public. +
+It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of + the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to + give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the + Document. +
+You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document + under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you + release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the + Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing + distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever + possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the + Modified Version: +
+GNU FDL Modification Conditions
+If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or + appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material + copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all + of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the + list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. + These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. +
+You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it + contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various + parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has + been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a + standard. +
+You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, + and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the + list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of + Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through + arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes + a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by + arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may + not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission + from the previous publisher that added the old one. +
+The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this + License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to + assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version. +
+You may combine the Document with other documents released under + this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the + combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original + documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your + combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their + Warranty Disclaimers. +
+The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and + multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single + copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but + different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding + at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or + publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the + same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections + in the license notice of the combined work. +
+In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled + "History" in the various original documents, forming one section + Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled + "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must + delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements". +
+You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other + documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies + of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is + included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this + License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other + respects. +
+You may extract a single document from such a collection, and + distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a + copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this + License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that + document. +
+A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other + separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a + storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the + copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal + rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works + permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does + not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves + derivative works of the Document. +
+If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these + copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of + the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers + that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic + equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise + they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole + aggregate. +
+Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may + distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. + Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special + permission from their copyright holders, but you may include + translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the + original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a + translation of this License, and all the license notices in the + Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include + the original English version of this License and the original versions + of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the + translation and the original version of this License or a notice or + disclaimer, the original version will prevail. +
+If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", + "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its + Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual + title. +
+You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document + except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt + to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will + automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, + parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License + will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain + in full compliance. +
+The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of + the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions + will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in + detail to address new problems or concerns. See + http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. +
+Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version + number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of + this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option + of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version + or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the + Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version + number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not + as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. +
+To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy + of the License in the document and put the following copyright and + license notices just after the title page: +
+++++Sample Invariant Sections list
++ Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document + under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 + or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; + with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. + A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU + Free Documentation License". + +
+
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover + Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: +
+++++Sample Invariant Sections list
++ with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the + Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. + +
+
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other + combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the + situation. +
+If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we + recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free + software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit + their use in free software. +
+